The endocannabinoid system (ES) is a complex network consisting of receptors, mainly cannabinoid receptor (CB) 1 and CB2, endocannabinoids, and enzymes responsible for synthesizing and degrading endocannabinoids. The ES is present in various tissues, including skeletal muscle, which has a high regenerative capacity due to the presence of satellite cells (SCs). These cells are usually inactive, but following injury, they become activated, re-enter the cell cycle, and participate in the repair of the damaged area. This complex process is tightly controlled by muscle regulatory factors, which deter- mine the myogenic lineage. In recent years, the ES has been shown—both in vitro and in vivo—to regulate SCs prolifer- ation and differentiation through various mechanisms. Notably, CB1 activation in SCs impairs myogenic differentiation, whereas CB2 activation has the opposite effect. Understanding the role of the ES in muscle regeneration could advance research into the therapeutic potential of various components of Cannabis sativa for currently incurable muscle diseases. The aim of this concise review is therefore to examine the role of the ES in SCs and the molecular mechanisms through which it regulates muscle regeneration.
